Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Copiapoa fiedleriana group

• Copiapoa echinata F.Ritter: ( = fiedleriana) Plant noticeable for its strongly tuberculate ribs and pruinose epidermis, the large tap-root suggest it is related with Copiapoa megarhiza.
• Copiapoa echinata var. borealis F.Ritter: ( = fiedleriana) Plants from the northern areal.
• Copiapoa echinata var. pulla F.Ritter: ( = fiedleriana) Distingushed for the brown coloured epidermis.
• Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Backeb. & F.M.Knuth: Plants solitary or branched with large, fleshy roots. Stems globose, gray-green 5-8 cm tallwith tuberculate ribs. It has 4-8 radial spines blackish or greyish-brown up to 3 cm long. Central spines usually absent.
• Copiapoa intermedia F.Ritter ex Backeb.: ( = fiedleriana )
• Copiapoa totoralensis F.Ritter: (same as Copiapoa echinata ?)