Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Cynanchum viminale group

• Cynanchum viminale (L.) L.: has long pencil-shaped,green photosynthetic stems, scrambling through their surroundings and rooting as they go. Distribution: Africa, India, Australia, China, the Philippines, Thailand and New Caledonia.
• Cynanchum viminale subs. australe (R.Br.) Meve & Liede: forms untidy shrubs without a main stem. Branches blue-green. Leaves sessile, extra-axillary. Corolla yellow.Fruits 8-12 cm long, fusiform. Distribution: Australia.
• Cynanchum viminale subs. brunonianum (Wight & Arn.) Meve & Liede: branches to 5 m long from a distinct main stem. Leaves very short. Flowers yellow-green scented. Distribution: Australia, China, India, Philippines, Thailand, New Caledonia.
• Cynanchum viminale subs. crassicaule Liede & Meve
• Cynanchum viminale subs. mulanjense (Liede & Meve) Goyder
• Cynanchum viminale subs. odontolepis (Balf.f.) Goyder: Stems to 5 (-10) m long. Leaves from 2-30 mm long. Flowers whitish, yellowish or greenish. Fruits 8 mm, fusiform. Mauritius, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania.
• Cynanchum viminale subs. orangeanum (Liede & Meve) Liede & Meve: has stems erect stoloniferous at ground-level. Flowers small lemon-yellow. Fruits 6-8 cm, fusiform, slender. Distribution: Namibia, South Africa (N. Cape, Free State)
• Cynanchum viminale subs. stipitaceum (Forssk.) Meve & Liede
• Cynanchum viminale subs. stocksii (Hook.f.) Meve & Liede
• Cynanchum viminale subs. suberosum (Meve & Liede) Goyder
• Cynanchum viminale subs. thunbergii (Don) Liede & Meve
• Cynanchum viminale subs. welwitschii (Hiern) Liede & Meve