Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi

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Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi Halda & Kupčák
Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 9(1): 77 (-78; fig. 89). 2002 Remarks: as "paolii"
Family: CACTACEAE

Accepted Scientific Name: Turbinicarpus rioverdensis G.Frank
Succulenta (Netherlands) 71(2): 66. 1992

Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi Photo by: Valentino Vallicelli

Origin and Habitat: Central Mexico, San Luis Potosi
Habitat: Grows in slopes near Cerritos, in calcareous soil, at 1600m above sea level.

Synonyms:

Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi Halda & Kupčák

Turbinicarpus longispinus hort.
Turbinicarpus paoloi (Halda & Kupčák) Halda & Malina

See all synonyms of Turbinicarpus rioverdensis

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Accepted name in llifle Database:
Turbinicarpus rioverdensis G.Frank
Succulenta (Netherlands) 71(2): 66. 1992
Synonymy: 6

Turbinicarpus rioverdensis G.Frank

Pediocactus rioverdensis (G.Frank) Halda
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. rioverdensis (G.Frank) Lüthy

Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi Halda & Kupčák

Turbinicarpus longispinus hort.
Turbinicarpus paoloi (Halda & Kupčák) Halda & Malina

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Description: This taxon looks like to subsp. rioverdensis, but smaller, with larger but narrow whitish flowers. The seeds are smaller. Spines are whitish, longer, nidiform (nest-like) and curved up to 50 mm long.
Stem: Dark green, unbranced, sub-globose, flattened above ground, up to 25 mm wide and 15 mm high.
Ribs: Not evident, forming flattened rhomboidal tubercles.
Areoles: Rounded, with white wool when young, later glabrous.
Spines: 2, whitish/yellowish, 25-50 mm long, papyraceus. The spines are nidiform (bunched at plant apex) and persistent only on the upper body, below they fall off and the body and tubercles are corky and bare.
Root: Larger than the stem, napiform about 40 mm long and 20 mm thick.
Flowers: Apical, narrow funnelform, whitish, 20-30 mm long, 25-40 mm wide. Fruit: Tiny, ovate, 5x3 mm.
Seed: Obtuse pyriform, ca. 0,9 x 0,6 mm, testa black, glossy.
Turbinicarpus rioverdensisSN|12648]]SN|12721]] ssp. paoli is considered to be a transitional form between Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanusSN|12648]]SN|12648]] ssp. klinkerianus fa. schwarzii and Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanusSN|12721]]SN|12648]] ssp. rioverdensis.

Subspecies, varieties, forms and cultivars of plants belonging to the Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus group

Turbinicarpus klinkerianus subs. hiemalis D.Donati & Zanov.: It flowers in winter, hence the scientific name "Hiemalis" (Belonging to winter)
Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. frailensis P.Lechner & Jantschgi: as fewer stigma lobes (3-6) white to yellowish-white, 2-3.5 mm long, straight, and only weakly papillose. Distribution: W to S-W of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi, México.
Turbinicarpus macrochele subs. valteri D.Donati & Zanov.
Turbinicarpus rioverdensis G.Frank: It comes from Rioverde, hence the scientific name "rioverdensis"
Turbinicarpus rioverdensis subs. paoloi Halda & Kupčák: This is a form with long spines referable to T. schmiedickeanus ssp. schwarzii
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus (Boed.) Buxb. & Backeb.: (ssp. schmiedickeanus) Stem disc-shaped, dull green and flat on top, twisted spines, and white to magenta flowers. Distribution: Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. alenae Halda & Kupčák
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. andersonii Mosco & Zanov.: stem partly underground with pyramidal tubercles. Spines only 1-2. Flowers magenta and white in winter. Distribution: east of El Huizache, SLP, Mexico.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. aurata hort.: Mutant completely lacking chlorophyll pigment. The result is a completely cream-white, yellow or reddish plant.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. bonatzii (G.Frank) Panar.: Dark green-bluish, semi-globose, depressed, divided into tubercles, merging in a tuberous root 3-5 cm long, and from it longer fibrous roots develop. It is closely related to Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus ssp klinkerianus
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus f. cristatus hort.: crested form.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. dickisoniae (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor: It has gray-green stems. Radials spines: 18-24 finely acicular, rigid white young areoles (areole in old specimens have only central spines that curve slightly inward). No other variety of schmiedickeanus has as many radial spines nor as slender central spines. Distibution: Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) Glass: It has a very distinctive form, described by some as almost pagoda-like with conical tubercles, 4(-6) spines and greenish yellow flowers. Distribution: Santa Rita, San Luis Potosi.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. flaviflorus f. brevispinus: it has very short corky brownish spines that contrast well with the body which is coated in a whitish bloom.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass: Stem with nearly round, slender tubercles, one thin, slender papery central spine, and white flowers; Distribution: Aramberri, Nuevo Leon.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. gracilis f. cristatus hort.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) N.P.Taylor: Disk-shaped stems with tapering pyramidal tubercles, with a total of 3 spines with only one persisting, and white flowers with magenta midribs. Distribution: El Huizache, San Luis Potosi.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. aurata hort.: Mutant completely lacking chlorophyll pigment. The result is a completely cream-white or yellow plant.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. cristatus hort.: crested form.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus var. lilnkeuiduus: pretty much the same as Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus and not readily distinguishable, if not for the label. Origin: Plants so-named are known only in cultivation.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus f. pachystele
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. kupcakii (Halda & Horáček) Halda & Horáček
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor: Stem with poorly developed tubercles, 0-4 spines, sometimes as many as 6, and white flowers. Distribution: Matehuala, San Luis Potosi.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. macrochele f. cristatus hort.: crested form with long twisted spines.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii (Backeb.) M.Zachar, Stanik, Lux & Dráb: Flattened globose, pale grey-green, olive green or purplish-tan in full sun. Tubercles: Broad, very flattened, 4-angled and 1 to 3 spongy spines. Flowers: White in summer with pinkish stigmas.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus var. polaskii f. variegatus hort.: The variegated forms show decoloured areas (lacking or with reduced chlorophyll content) that appears cream-yellow to pinkish.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. rubriflorus (G.Frank) Panar.: Same as ssp. schwarzii but flowers pink to dark magenta midribs.
Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. schwarzii (Shurly) N.P.Taylor: Plant with pale green epidermis, Tubercles: Flattened 4-angled (diamond shaped) broad and stumpy, 1-3 spines with one much longer than the others, and white flowers. Distribution: La Bonita, San Luis Potosi.
Turbinicarpus sp. Santa Rita n.n.: has bright purple flowers whit margins of tepals pinkish white. Distribution: Santa Rita, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
Turbinicarpus sp. Negrita: pretty much the same as Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus subs. klinkerianus and not readily distinguishable, if not for the provenance. Distribution: La Negrita, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.

Notes: This plant was previously known with its provisional name Turbinicarpus longispinus. It was discovered in 1982 by Heinz Swobodae and named after the Turbinicarpus grower Paolino Panarotto.

Bibliography: Major references and further lectures
1) Edward Anderson “The Cactus family” Timber Press, Incorporated, 2001
2) James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey "The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification of Plants Cultivated in Europe, Both Out-of-Doors and Under Glass" Cambridge University Press, 11/Aug/2011
3) David R Hunt; Nigel P Taylor; Graham Charles; International Cactaceae Systematics Group. "The New Cactus Lexicon" dh books, 2006
4) Davide Donati, Carlo Zanovello “Conoscere, capire, coltivare i Turbinicarpus-Rapicactus” Cactus Trentino Sudtirol, 2004

Cultivation and Propagation: It’s a fairly easy species to cultivate. Need a very well drained soil. Requires strong sun to part sun to develop good spinal growth and waterings should be rather infrequent to keep the plant compact and not to become excessively elongated and unnatural in appearance. keep dry in winter or when night temperatures remain below 10° C, it is hardy to -4°C for a short period. Assure a good ventilation.

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